Societal Implications of Generative AI Tutorial

The video explores generative AI, first presenting innovative applications like Google's DeepDream. It quickly addresses darker subjects, focusing on the ethical challenges of deepfakes, particularly their implications in terms of misinformation and national security. It also highlights issues of bias in AI, showing how training data can influence outcomes. A key point is the erosion of the concept of truth, where generative AI can sow distrust in the media and exacerbate social polarization. The video also acknowledges the opportunities offered by AI, while highlighting the tension between innovation and the need for regulation. It concludes by emphasizing the importance of education in navigating this complex landscape.

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Objectifs :

This document aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the implications of generative AI, particularly focusing on deepfakes, their ethical concerns, societal impacts, and the need for balanced regulation. It emphasizes the importance of education in navigating these challenges.

Chapitres :

  1. Introduction to Generative AI
    Generative AI represents a significant technological advancement that is reshaping our perceptions and creative processes. From the visually stunning outputs of Mid Journey and Google's DeepDream to the intricate compositions of OpenAI's MuseNet, the boundaries of creativity are increasingly blurred. However, this technological magic also brings forth serious ethical dilemmas.
  2. The Challenge of Deepfakes
    Deepfakes are a prominent concern within the realm of generative AI. They can create convincing fake videos or audio recordings of public figures, leading to the spread of misinformation and manipulation of public opinion. The potential for deepfakes to impersonate national leaders or military officials poses risks of diplomatic crises and conflicts, as the public struggles to differentiate between reality and fabrication.
  3. Erosion of Trust in Media
    As deepfakes become more sophisticated, the public's ability to trust video and audio media diminishes. This erosion of trust can lead to a society where skepticism prevails, making it challenging to disseminate reliable information. Media organizations may need to implement new validation methods to ensure the authenticity of their content.
  4. Impact on Democracy
    Democracies depend on an informed electorate. The proliferation of deepfakes complicates this, as citizens may struggle to discern truth from falsehood. This could undermine electoral processes, with falsified videos used to discredit opponents and influence elections, ultimately leading to political instability and a decline in democratic values.
  5. Regulation vs. Innovation
    The rapid evolution of generative AI presents a challenge for regulation. Historically, technology has outpaced regulatory frameworks, as seen with the internet. Striking a balance between fostering innovation and implementing necessary regulations is crucial. Overly strict regulations could stifle innovation, while lenient regulations may fail to protect society from the misuse of technology.
  6. The Role of AI Ethics Committees
    Some countries are establishing AI ethics committees to guide legislation on generative AI. These committees, composed of experts from various fields, assess the ethical, social, and economic implications of AI technologies, advising governments on appropriate regulatory frameworks.
  7. Opportunities and the Importance of Education
    Despite the dangers associated with generative AI, it also offers unprecedented opportunities for improving lives and enriching culture. Education plays a vital role in equipping individuals with the knowledge to understand these issues, utilize tools responsibly, and ask informed questions. By fostering a culture of responsibility and collaboration, we can shape the future of generative AI for the benefit of all.

FAQ :

What are deepfakes and how are they created?

Deepfakes are synthetic media created using artificial intelligence techniques that manipulate images or audio to make it appear as if someone is saying or doing something they did not. They are typically generated using deep learning algorithms that analyze and replicate the features of the target individual.

What are the ethical concerns surrounding deepfakes?

Deepfakes raise significant ethical concerns, including the potential for misinformation, manipulation of public opinion, and the erosion of trust in media. They can be used to create false narratives, impersonate individuals, and undermine democratic processes.

How can deepfakes affect democracy?

Deepfakes can compromise democracy by spreading false information during electoral campaigns, leading to misinformation about candidates and issues. This can decrease trust in democratic institutions and influence the electoral process.

What role does bias play in AI technologies?

Bias in AI can lead to discriminatory outcomes, especially if the training data used to develop AI systems does not accurately represent the diversity of the population. This can result in systems that perform poorly for underrepresented groups.

What measures can be taken to regulate generative AI?

Regulating generative AI requires a balance between fostering innovation and protecting society. This can involve creating clear guidelines for ethical use, establishing AI ethics committees, and ensuring that regulations do not stifle research and development.

Quelques cas d'usages :

Media Verification

Media organizations can implement advanced verification tools to authenticate video and audio content, ensuring that deepfakes are identified and flagged before dissemination. This can help maintain public trust in media.

Political Campaign Monitoring

Political analysts can use AI tools to monitor and analyze the spread of deepfakes during election cycles, allowing for timely responses to misinformation and protecting the integrity of the electoral process.

Bias Mitigation in AI Development

AI developers can adopt practices to ensure diverse representation in training datasets, reducing bias in AI systems. This can improve the accuracy and fairness of applications like voice recognition and facial recognition.

Public Awareness Campaigns

Organizations can launch educational campaigns to inform the public about the existence and implications of deepfakes, helping individuals develop critical thinking skills to discern real from fake content.

AI Ethics Consultation

Businesses can establish AI ethics committees to guide the development and deployment of AI technologies, ensuring that ethical considerations are integrated into their practices and that they comply with emerging regulations.

Glossaire :

Generative AI

A type of artificial intelligence that can create new content, such as images, music, or text, by learning from existing data.

Deepfakes

Synthetic media in which a person in an existing image or video is replaced with someone else's likeness, often used to create misleading or false content.

Bias in AI

The presence of systematic and unfair discrimination in AI systems, often resulting from biased training data that does not accurately represent the diversity of the real world.

Echo chambers

Situations in which beliefs are reinforced by repeated exposure to the same viewpoints, leading to a lack of diversity in thought and increased polarization.

AI ethics committees

Groups of experts that advise governments on the ethical, social, and economic implications of artificial intelligence, helping to shape legislation.

Misinformation

False or misleading information that is spread regardless of intent to deceive, often exacerbated by technologies like deepfakes.

Legislation

Laws and regulations enacted by a governing body to control or guide behavior, particularly in relation to emerging technologies.

résultat(s)
00:00:03
Generative AI is at the heart of
00:00:05
the new technological frontier,
00:00:07
transforming our ways of seeing and creating.
00:00:10
From the hallucinatory visual art
00:00:12
of Mid Journey, Google's Deepdream,
00:00:14
to the sophisticated melodies
00:00:15
of Open a Is Muse Net,
00:00:17
creative boundaries seem to be fading.
00:00:19
However, with magic comes malice.
00:00:22
Deepfakes blur the lines between real
00:00:25
and fake, posing huge ethical problems.
00:00:27
Deep fakes can be used to create fake
00:00:30
videos or audios that feature public
00:00:33
figures or politicians saying or
00:00:35
doing things they never said or did.
00:00:37
This can be used to spread false
00:00:40
information or propaganda,
00:00:41
manipulating public opinion.
00:00:42
Deep fakes could be used to impersonate
00:00:46
national leaders or military officers,
00:00:48
creating videos that could trigger
00:00:51
diplomatic crises or even conflicts.
00:00:53
As deep fakes become more and
00:00:55
more convincing,
00:00:56
it becomes difficult for the public
00:00:58
to discern the real from the fake.
00:01:00
This could lead to a general erosion
00:01:02
of trust in video and audio media
00:01:04
where everything can be questioned.
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Artificial intelligence,
00:01:07
including generative technologies
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like deepfakes,
00:01:10
relies on data to learn and generalize.
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These data come from the real world,
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and just as our world has
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inequalities and stereotypes,
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these inequalities can
00:01:19
be reflected in the data.
00:01:21
When an AI is trained on biased data,
00:01:24
it can incorporate and
00:01:26
perpetuate these biases.
00:01:27
Thus, if deep fakes are used to,
00:01:29
say,
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generate voice or face samples
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that do not fairly represent
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the diversity of the real world,
00:01:35
then the AI learning from these
00:01:37
samples will itself be biased,
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leading to discriminatory systems.
00:01:41
For example,
00:01:42
an AI system for voice recognition
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that is trained primarily on male
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voices might struggle to recognize
00:01:48
and correctly understand female
00:01:50
voices or other voices that do not
00:01:52
match the model it was trained on.
00:01:54
With the spread of deepfakes,
00:01:56
objective reality could be undermined.
00:01:58
If everything can be falsified,
00:02:00
the very concept of truth could be eroded,
00:02:03
with profound consequences for society.
00:02:05
As deepfakes become more sophisticated
00:02:08
and indistinguishable from reality,
00:02:10
the public could begin to
00:02:12
systematically doubt the veracity
00:02:13
of any video or audio content,
00:02:15
whether it's news, documentaries,
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or interviews.
00:02:18
This could lead to a society where people
00:02:21
no longer believe what they see or hear,
00:02:23
making the dissemination of reliable
00:02:25
information extremely difficult.
00:02:27
Media organizations might need to
00:02:29
adopt new methods of validation
00:02:30
and certification to prove the
00:02:32
authenticity of their content.
00:02:34
In a world where objective truth
00:02:36
is questioned,
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individuals might turn more towards
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information sources that confirm
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their pre-existing beliefs,
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reinforcing echo chambers and polarization.
00:02:45
Deep fakes could be used to support
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conspiracy theories and given that
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these videos would be difficult to refute,
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these theories could gain in
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popularity and influence.
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This could lead to increased
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fragmentation of society,
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with groups becoming more isolated
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and disagreeing on fundamental facts.
00:03:04
Democracies rely on
00:03:05
an informed electorate
00:03:06
to function effectively.
00:03:08
If citizens cannot discern the
00:03:09
true from the false due to the
00:03:11
proliferation of deep fakes,
00:03:12
this could compromise the democratic process.
00:03:15
Electoral campaigns could be
00:03:17
marked by falsified videos
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intended to discredit opponents,
00:03:21
and elections could be influenced
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by misleading information.
00:03:25
Trust in democratic institutions
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could decrease,
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leading to political instability and
00:03:30
a weakening of democratic values.
00:03:34
How to legislate this
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rapidly evolving technology?
00:03:38
The debate between innovation
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and regulation is more intense
00:03:41
than ever. Historically,
00:03:43
technology has often evolved faster
00:03:45
than societies ability to regulate it.
00:03:47
For example, when the Internet
00:03:48
began to become popular, it took years
00:03:51
before laws on privacy, copyright,
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or cybersecurity were established. With
00:03:55
generative AI, the challenge is even greater
00:03:58
because the technology has the potential
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to transform many aspects of our lives,
00:04:02
from media to politics to the economy.
00:04:05
The initial problems posed by the
00:04:07
emergence of deepfakes were mainly
00:04:09
ethical or related to misinformation.
00:04:11
However, initially there was no clear
00:04:13
regulation to penalize or frame the creation
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and dissemination of malicious deepfakes.
00:04:19
Strict regulation can hinder innovation.
00:04:21
If severe restrictions are imposed on
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research and development in generative AI,
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this could prevent potentially
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beneficial discoveries for society.
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On the other hand,
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overly strict regulation can push
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innovators to relocate their research to
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countries with more lenient legislation.
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Suppose regulation imposes a long
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and costly approval process for any
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new application of generative AI.
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This could discourage start-ups
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and individual innovators,
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thus favoring large companies
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with significant resources.
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The ideal balance between innovation and
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regulation requires close collaboration
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between policy makers, researchers,
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businesses, and civil society.
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It is essential to have open and
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inclusive discussions to understand
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the implications of technology and
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create regulation that protects
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society while fostering innovation.
00:05:12
Some countries have begun to
00:05:14
establish AI ethics committees,
00:05:15
composed of experts from various fields
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to guide the creation of legislation.
00:05:20
These committees examine the ethical,
00:05:22
social and economic implications
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of AI and advise governments on
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how to frame the technology.
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Generative AI, despite its dangers,
00:05:30
offers unprecedented opportunities.
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It can improve lives, create solutions,
00:05:35
and enrich our culture.
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Guided by responsibility,
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ethics and collaboration,
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we can shape the future of
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generative AI for the good of all.
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Faced with these challenges,
00:05:46
education is paramount.
00:05:48
Solid training allows understanding
00:05:49
the issues,
00:05:50
adopting tools and asking informed questions.

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résultat(s)
00:00:03
A IA generativa está no centro da
00:00:05
a nova fronteira tecnológica,
00:00:07
transformando as nossas formas de ver e criar.
00:00:10
Da arte visual alucinatória
00:00:12
de Mid Journey, Deepdream do Google,
00:00:14
às melodias sofisticadas
00:00:15
de Open a Is Muse Net,
00:00:17
As fronteiras criativas parecem estar a desvanecer-se.
00:00:19
No entanto, com a magia vem a malícia.
00:00:22
Deepfakes borram as linhas entre o real
00:00:25
e falsa, colocando enormes problemas éticos.
00:00:27
Deep fakes podem ser usados para criar falsificações
00:00:30
Vídeos ou áudios que apresentam público
00:00:33
figuras ou políticos dizendo ou
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fazendo coisas que nunca disseram ou fizeram.
00:00:37
Isso pode ser usado para espalhar falso
00:00:40
informação ou propaganda,
00:00:41
manipulação da opinião pública.
00:00:42
Deep fakes podem ser usados para se passar por
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dirigentes nacionais ou oficiais militares,
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criação de vídeos que podem ser acionados
00:00:51
crises diplomáticas ou mesmo conflitos.
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À medida que as deep fakes se tornam mais e
00:00:55
mais convincente,
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torna-se difícil para o público
00:00:58
discernir o real do falso.
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Isto poderia levar a uma erosão geral
00:01:02
de confiança nos meios de vídeo e áudio
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onde tudo pode ser questionado.
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Inteligência artificial,
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incluindo tecnologias generativas
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como deepfakes,
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depende de dados para aprender e generalizar.
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Estes dados vêm do mundo real,
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e tal como o nosso mundo tem
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desigualdades e estereótipos,
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estas desigualdades podem
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refletir-se nos dados.
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Quando uma IA é treinada em dados tendenciosos,
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pode incorporar e
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perpetuar esses preconceitos.
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Assim, se as deep fakes estiverem acostumadas,
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diga,
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gerar amostras de voz ou rosto
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que não representam de forma justa
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a diversidade do mundo real,
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em seguida, a IA aprendendo com estes
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as amostras serão, elas próprias, tendenciosas,
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conduzindo a sistemas discriminatórios.
00:01:41
Por exemplo
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um sistema de IA para reconhecimento de voz
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que é treinado principalmente em homens
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as vozes podem ter dificuldade em reconhecer
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e compreender corretamente o sexo feminino
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vozes ou outras vozes que não o fazem
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corresponder ao modelo em que foi treinado.
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Com a disseminação de deepfakes,
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a realidade objetiva poderia ser posta em causa.
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Se tudo puder ser falsificado,
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o próprio conceito de verdade poderia ser corroído,
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com profundas consequências para a sociedade.
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À medida que as deepfakes se tornam mais sofisticadas
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e indistinguível da realidade,
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o público poderia começar a
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duvidar sistematicamente da veracidade
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de qualquer conteúdo vídeo ou áudio,
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sejam notícias, documentários,
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ou entrevistas.
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Isto poderia conduzir a uma sociedade em que as pessoas
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já não acreditam no que vêem ou ouvem,
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tornar fiável a divulgação de
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informação extremamente difícil.
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As organizações de mídia podem precisar
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adotar novos métodos de validação
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e certificação para comprovar o
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autenticidade do seu conteúdo.
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Num mundo onde a verdade objetiva
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é questionado,
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os indivíduos podem voltar-se mais para
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fontes de informação que confirmam
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as suas convicções pré-existentes,
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reforço das câmaras de eco e polarização.
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Deep fakes podem ser usados para apoiar
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teorias da conspiração e dado que
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estes vídeos seriam difíceis de refutar,
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estas teorias poderiam ganhar em
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popularidade e influência.
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Isto pode levar a um aumento do
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fragmentação da sociedade,
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com grupos cada vez mais isolados
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e discordar de factos fundamentais.
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As democracias dependem de:
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um eleitorado informado
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para funcionar eficazmente.
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Se os cidadãos não conseguem discernir o
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verdadeiro do falso devido ao
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proliferação de deep fakes,
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Isto poderia comprometer o processo democrático.
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Campanhas eleitorais podem ser
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marcado por vídeos falsificados
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destinados a desacreditar os opositores,
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e as eleições podem ser influenciadas
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por informações enganosas.
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Confiança nas instituições democráticas
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podem diminuir,
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conduzindo à instabilidade política e
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um enfraquecimento dos valores democráticos.
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Como legislar
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tecnologia em rápida evolução?
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O debate entre inovação
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e a regulação é mais intensa
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do que nunca. Historicamente,
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A tecnologia evoluiu muitas vezes mais rapidamente
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do que a capacidade das sociedades de regulá-lo.
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Por exemplo, quando a Internet
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começou a tornar-se popular, demorou anos
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antes das leis sobre privacidade, direitos autorais,
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ou a cibersegurança. Com
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IA generativa, o desafio é ainda maior
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porque a tecnologia tem o potencial
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transformar muitos aspetos das nossas vidas,
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dos meios de comunicação social à política, passando pela economia.
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Os problemas iniciais colocados pelo
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surgimento de deepfakes foram principalmente
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ética ou relacionada à desinformação.
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No entanto, inicialmente não havia
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regulamento para penalizar ou enquadrar a criação
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e disseminação de deepfakes maliciosos.
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Uma regulamentação rigorosa pode entravar a inovação.
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Se forem impostas restrições severas a
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investigação e desenvolvimento em IA generativa,
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Isto poderia evitar potencialmente
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descobertas benéficas para a sociedade.
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Por outro lado
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uma regulamentação demasiado rigorosa pode empurrar
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inovadores a deslocalizarem a sua investigação para
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países com legislação mais branda.
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Suponhamos que a regulamentação impõe uma longa
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e dispendioso processo de aprovação para qualquer
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nova aplicação da IA generativa.
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Tal poderia desencorajar as empresas em fase de arranque
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e inovadores individuais,
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favorecendo assim as grandes empresas
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com recursos significativos.
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O equilíbrio ideal entre inovação e
00:04:54
A regulamentação exige uma estreita colaboração
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entre decisores políticos, investigadores,
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as empresas e a sociedade civil.
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É essencial ter
00:05:03
discussões inclusivas para entender
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as implicações da tecnologia e
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criar regulamentação que proteja
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ao mesmo tempo que fomenta a inovação.
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Alguns países começaram a
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criar comités de ética no domínio da IA,
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composto por especialistas de várias áreas
00:05:17
orientar a criação de legislação.
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Estes comités examinam as questões éticas,
00:05:22
implicações sociais e económicas
00:05:23
de IA e aconselhar os governos sobre
00:05:26
como enquadrar a tecnologia.
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IA generativa, apesar dos seus perigos,
00:05:30
oferece oportunidades sem precedentes.
00:05:32
Pode melhorar vidas, criar soluções,
00:05:35
e enriquecer a nossa cultura.
00:05:37
Guiados pela responsabilidade,
00:05:38
ética e colaboração,
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podemos moldar o futuro da
00:05:42
IA generativa para o bem de todos.
00:05:44
Face a estes desafios,
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A educação é fundamental.
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Uma formação sólida permite a compreensão
00:05:49
as questões,
00:05:50
adotar ferramentas e fazer perguntas informadas.

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résultat(s)
00:00:03
L'IA generativa è al centro di
00:00:05
la nuova frontiera tecnologica,
00:00:07
trasformando i nostri modi di vedere e creare.
00:00:10
Dall'allucinatoria arte visiva
00:00:12
di Mid Journey, Deepdream di Google,
00:00:14
alle melodie sofisticate
00:00:15
di Open a Is Muse Net,
00:00:17
i confini creativi sembrano svanire.
00:00:19
Tuttavia, con la magia arriva la malizia.
00:00:22
I deepfake offuscano i confini tra il reale
00:00:25
e falso, ponendo enormi problemi etici.
00:00:27
I deep fake possono essere usati per creare falsi
00:00:30
video o audio con contenuti pubblici
00:00:33
personaggi o politici che dicono o
00:00:35
facendo cose che non hanno mai detto o fatto.
00:00:37
Questo può essere usato per diffondere il falso
00:00:40
informazione o propaganda,
00:00:41
manipolazione dell'opinione pubblica.
00:00:42
I deep fake potrebbero essere usati per impersonare
00:00:46
capi nazionali o ufficiali militari,
00:00:48
creazione di video che potrebbero innescarsi
00:00:51
crisi diplomatiche o addirittura conflitti.
00:00:53
Man mano che i deep fake diventano sempre più numerosi e
00:00:55
più convincente,
00:00:56
diventa difficile per il pubblico
00:00:58
distinguere il vero dal falso.
00:01:00
Ciò potrebbe portare a un'erosione generale
00:01:02
di fiducia nei media video e audio
00:01:04
dove tutto può essere messo in discussione.
00:01:06
Intelligenza artificiale,
00:01:07
comprese le tecnologie generative
00:01:09
come i deepfake,
00:01:10
si basa sui dati per apprendere e generalizzare.
00:01:13
Questi dati provengono dal mondo reale,
00:01:15
e proprio come ha fatto il nostro mondo
00:01:17
disuguaglianze e stereotipi,
00:01:18
queste disuguaglianze possono
00:01:19
riflettersi nei dati.
00:01:21
Quando un'intelligenza artificiale viene addestrata su dati distorti,
00:01:24
può incorporare e
00:01:26
perpetuare questi pregiudizi.
00:01:27
Quindi, se si è abituati ai deep fake,
00:01:29
dire,
00:01:29
generare campioni di voce o viso
00:01:31
che non rappresentano equamente
00:01:32
la diversità del mondo reale,
00:01:35
poi l'IA impara da questi
00:01:37
i campioni saranno essi stessi distorti,
00:01:39
portando a sistemi discriminatori.
00:01:41
Ad esempio
00:01:42
un sistema di intelligenza artificiale per il riconoscimento vocale
00:01:44
che si allena principalmente ai maschi
00:01:46
le voci potrebbero avere difficoltà a riconoscere
00:01:48
e capire correttamente la femmina
00:01:50
voci o altre voci che non lo fanno
00:01:52
corrispondono al modello su cui è stato addestrato.
00:01:54
Con la diffusione dei deepfake,
00:01:56
la realtà oggettiva potrebbe essere compromessa.
00:01:58
Se tutto può essere falsificato,
00:02:00
il concetto stesso di verità potrebbe essere eroso,
00:02:03
con profonde conseguenze per la società.
00:02:05
Man mano che i deepfake diventano più sofisticati
00:02:08
e indistinguibile dalla realtà,
00:02:10
il pubblico potrebbe iniziare a
00:02:12
dubitano sistematicamente della veridicità
00:02:13
di qualsiasi contenuto video o audio,
00:02:15
che si tratti di notizie, documentari,
00:02:17
o interviste.
00:02:18
Questo potrebbe portare a una società in cui le persone
00:02:21
non credono più a ciò che vedono o sentono,
00:02:23
rendendo affidabile la diffusione di
00:02:25
informazioni estremamente difficili.
00:02:27
Le organizzazioni dei media potrebbero averne bisogno
00:02:29
adottare nuovi metodi di convalida
00:02:30
e certificazione per dimostrare il
00:02:32
autenticità del loro contenuto.
00:02:34
In un mondo in cui la verità oggettiva
00:02:36
viene interrogato,
00:02:36
le persone potrebbero rivolgersi maggiormente a
00:02:39
fonti di informazione che confermano
00:02:40
le loro convinzioni preesistenti,
00:02:42
rafforzamento delle camere d'eco e della polarizzazione.
00:02:45
I deep fake potrebbero essere usati per supportare
00:02:47
teorie del complotto e dato questo
00:02:49
questi video sarebbero difficili da confutare,
00:02:51
queste teorie potrebbero guadagnare
00:02:54
popolarità e influenza.
00:02:55
Ciò potrebbe portare ad un aumento
00:02:57
frammentazione della società,
00:02:58
con gruppi sempre più isolati
00:03:01
e non sono d'accordo su fatti fondamentali.
00:03:04
Le democrazie si basano su
00:03:05
un elettorato informato
00:03:06
per funzionare efficacemente.
00:03:08
Se i cittadini non riescono a discernere il
00:03:09
vero dal falso dovuto al
00:03:11
proliferazione di fake profondi,
00:03:12
ciò potrebbe compromettere il processo democratico.
00:03:15
Le campagne elettorali potrebbero essere
00:03:17
contrassegnati da video falsificati
00:03:19
destinato a screditare gli oppositori,
00:03:21
e le elezioni potrebbero essere influenzate
00:03:23
mediante informazioni fuorvianti.
00:03:25
Fiducia nelle istituzioni democratiche
00:03:27
potrebbe diminuire,
00:03:28
portando all'instabilità politica e
00:03:30
un indebolimento dei valori democratici.
00:03:34
Come legiferare in materia
00:03:36
tecnologia in rapida evoluzione?
00:03:38
Il dibattito tra innovazione
00:03:39
e la regolamentazione è più intensa
00:03:41
più che mai. Storicamente,
00:03:43
la tecnologia si è spesso evoluta più velocemente
00:03:45
rispetto alla capacità della società di regolarla.
00:03:47
Ad esempio, quando Internet
00:03:48
ha iniziato a diventare popolare, ci sono voluti anni
00:03:51
prima delle leggi sulla privacy, sul copyright,
00:03:53
o venissero stabilite le misure di sicurezza informatica. Con
00:03:55
AI generativa, la sfida è ancora più grande
00:03:58
perché la tecnologia ha il potenziale
00:04:00
per trasformare molti aspetti della nostra vita,
00:04:02
dai media alla politica all'economia.
00:04:05
I problemi iniziali posti dal
00:04:07
la comparsa dei deepfake riguardava principalmente
00:04:09
etici o legati alla disinformazione.
00:04:11
Tuttavia, inizialmente non era chiaro
00:04:13
regolamento per penalizzare o inquadrare la creazione
00:04:16
e diffusione di deepfake dannosi.
00:04:19
Una regolamentazione rigorosa può ostacolare l'innovazione.
00:04:21
Se vengono imposte severe restrizioni
00:04:23
ricerca e sviluppo nell'IA generativa,
00:04:26
ciò potrebbe impedire potenzialmente
00:04:28
scoperte benefiche per la società.
00:04:30
D'altra parte,
00:04:31
una regolamentazione troppo rigida può spingere
00:04:33
innovatori a cui trasferire le proprie ricerche
00:04:36
paesi con una legislazione più indulgente.
00:04:38
Supponiamo che la regolamentazione imponga un lungo
00:04:40
e costoso processo di approvazione per qualsiasi
00:04:42
nuova applicazione dell'IA generativa.
00:04:45
Questo potrebbe scoraggiare le start-up
00:04:46
e singoli innovatori,
00:04:48
favorendo così le grandi aziende
00:04:50
con risorse significative.
00:04:51
L'equilibrio ideale tra innovazione e
00:04:54
la regolamentazione richiede una stretta collaborazione
00:04:56
tra responsabili politici, ricercatori,
00:04:58
imprese e società civile.
00:05:01
È essenziale avere un ambiente aperto e
00:05:03
discussioni inclusive per comprendere
00:05:05
le implicazioni della tecnologia e
00:05:07
creare una regolamentazione che protegga
00:05:09
società promuovendo al contempo l'innovazione.
00:05:12
Alcuni paesi hanno iniziato a
00:05:14
istituire comitati etici per l'IA,
00:05:15
composto da esperti di vari settori
00:05:17
per guidare la creazione della legislazione.
00:05:20
Questi comitati esaminano gli aspetti etici,
00:05:22
implicazioni sociali ed economiche
00:05:23
dell'IA e fornisce consulenza ai governi in merito
00:05:26
come inquadrare la tecnologia.
00:05:28
L'IA generativa, nonostante i suoi pericoli,
00:05:30
offre opportunità senza precedenti.
00:05:32
Può migliorare la vita, creare soluzioni,
00:05:35
e arricchire la nostra cultura.
00:05:37
Guidati dalla responsabilità,
00:05:38
etica e collaborazione,
00:05:40
possiamo plasmare il futuro di
00:05:42
IA generativa per il bene di tutti.
00:05:44
Di fronte a queste sfide,
00:05:46
l'istruzione è fondamentale.
00:05:48
Una solida formazione consente la comprensione
00:05:49
i problemi,
00:05:50
adottare strumenti e porre domande informate.

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résultat(s)
00:00:03
Генеративный искусственный интеллект лежит в основе
00:00:05
новый технологический рубеж,
00:00:07
трансформируя наше видение и творчество.
00:00:10
Из галлюцинаторного изобразительного искусства
00:00:12
из книги Mid Journey, разработанной компанией Google Deepdream,
00:00:14
под изысканные мелодии
00:00:15
из группы Open a Is Muse Net,
00:00:17
творческие границы, похоже, стираются.
00:00:19
Однако вместе с магией приходит злоба.
00:00:22
Дипфейки стирают грань между реальными
00:00:25
и фейк, создающий огромные этические проблемы.
00:00:27
Для создания подделок можно использовать глубокие подделки
00:00:30
видео или аудио с участием общественности
00:00:33
деятели или политики, говорящие или
00:00:35
делают то, о чем они никогда не говорили и не делали.
00:00:37
Это может быть использовано для распространения лжи
00:00:40
информация или пропаганда,
00:00:41
манипулирование общественным мнением.
00:00:42
Для того чтобы выдать себя за другое лицо, можно использовать глубокие подделки
00:00:46
национальных лидеров или военных офицеров,
00:00:48
создание видеороликов, которые могут вызвать срабатывание
00:00:51
дипломатические кризисы или даже конфликты.
00:00:53
По мере того, как глубоких подделок становится все больше и больше
00:00:55
все более убедительно,
00:00:56
публике становится трудно
00:00:58
отличить настоящее от подделки.
00:01:00
Это может привести к общей эрозии
00:01:02
доверия к видео- и аудиоматериалам
00:01:04
где все можно подвергнуть сомнению.
00:01:06
Искусственный интеллект,
00:01:07
включая генеративные технологии
00:01:09
такие как дипфейки,
00:01:10
полагается на данные для изучения и обобщения.
00:01:13
Эти данные поступают из реального мира,
00:01:15
и так же, как и в нашем мире
00:01:17
неравенство и стереотипы,
00:01:18
это неравенство может
00:01:19
быть отражено в данных.
00:01:21
Когда искусственный интеллект обучается на основе предвзятых данных,
00:01:24
он может включать в себя и
00:01:26
увековечить эти предубеждения.
00:01:27
Таким образом, если к ним привыкли глубокие подделки,
00:01:29
скажем,
00:01:29
генерируйте образцы голоса или лица
00:01:31
которые не соответствуют действительности
00:01:32
разнообразие реального мира,
00:01:35
затем искусственный интеллект учится на них
00:01:37
выборки сами по себе будут необъективными,
00:01:39
что приведет к возникновению дискриминационных систем.
00:01:41
Например,
00:01:42
система искусственного интеллекта для распознавания голоса
00:01:44
которая обучается в основном мужчинам
00:01:46
голоса могут быть трудно распознать
00:01:48
и правильно понимать женщину
00:01:50
голоса или другие голоса, которые этого не делают
00:01:52
соответствуют модели, на которой оно обучалось.
00:01:54
С распространением дипфейков,
00:01:56
объективная реальность может быть подорвана.
00:01:58
Если все можно сфальсифицировать,
00:02:00
само понятие истины может быть разрушено,
00:02:03
что повлечет за собой серьезные последствия для общества.
00:02:05
По мере того как дипфейки становятся все более изощренными
00:02:08
и неотличимы от реальности,
00:02:10
общественность может начать
00:02:12
систематически сомневаться в правдивости
00:02:13
любого видео- или аудиоконтента,
00:02:15
будь то новости, документальные фильмы,
00:02:17
или интервью.
00:02:18
Это может привести к созданию общества, в котором люди
00:02:21
больше не верят тому, что видят или слышат,
00:02:23
делая распространение достоверным
00:02:25
информация чрезвычайно сложна.
00:02:27
Организациям средств массовой информации, возможно, потребуется
00:02:29
внедрить новые методы валидации
00:02:30
и сертификация, подтверждающая
00:02:32
подлинность их контента.
00:02:34
В мире, где объективная правда
00:02:36
ставится под сомнение,
00:02:36
люди могут больше обратиться к
00:02:39
источники информации, подтверждающие
00:02:40
их ранее существовавшие убеждения,
00:02:42
усиление эхокамер и поляризации.
00:02:45
Для поддержки могут использоваться глубокие подделки
00:02:47
теории заговора и тому подобное
00:02:49
эти видео было бы трудно опровергнуть,
00:02:51
эти теории могут оказаться полезными
00:02:54
популярность и влияние.
00:02:55
Это может привести к росту
00:02:57
фрагментация общества,
00:02:58
при этом группы становятся все более изолированными
00:03:01
и расхождение во мнениях по фундаментальным фактам.
00:03:04
Демократии полагаются на
00:03:05
информированный электорат
00:03:06
эффективно функционировать.
00:03:08
Если граждане не могут различить
00:03:09
истинное от ложного, обусловленное
00:03:11
распространение глубоких подделок,
00:03:12
это может поставить под угрозу демократический процесс.
00:03:15
Избирательные кампании могут быть
00:03:17
отмечены фальсифицированными видеозаписями
00:03:19
предназначенный для дискредитации оппонентов,
00:03:21
и на выборы можно повлиять
00:03:23
с помощью вводящей в заблуждение информации.
00:03:25
Доверие к демократическим институтам
00:03:27
может снизиться,
00:03:28
что приводит к политической нестабильности и
00:03:30
ослабление демократических ценностей.
00:03:34
Как это законодательно закрепить
00:03:36
быстро развивающаяся технология?
00:03:38
Дискуссия между инновациями
00:03:39
и регулирование более интенсивное
00:03:41
чем когда-либо. Исторически
00:03:43
технологии часто развивались быстрее
00:03:45
чем способность общества регулировать ее.
00:03:47
Например, когда Интернет
00:03:48
стал набирать популярность, на это ушли годы
00:03:51
до принятия законов о неприкосновенности частной жизни, авторском праве,
00:03:53
или была создана кибербезопасность. С
00:03:55
Генеративный искусственный интеллект ставит перед нами еще более сложные задачи
00:03:58
потому что у технологии есть потенциал
00:04:00
изменить многие аспекты нашей жизни,
00:04:02
от средств массовой информации до политики и экономики.
00:04:05
Первоначальные проблемы, возникшие в связи с
00:04:07
Появление дипфейков заключалось в основном
00:04:09
этичные или связанные с дезинформацией.
00:04:11
Однако изначально ничего не было ясно
00:04:13
регламент, предусматривающий наказание или введение уголовной ответственности за создание
00:04:16
и распространение вредоносных дипфейков.
00:04:19
Строгое регулирование может препятствовать инновациям.
00:04:21
Если будут введены строгие ограничения на
00:04:23
исследования и разработки в области генеративного ИИ,
00:04:26
потенциально это может предотвратить
00:04:28
полезные открытия для общества.
00:04:30
С другой стороны,
00:04:31
чрезмерно строгое регулирование может подтолкнуть
00:04:33
новаторов перенести свои исследования в
00:04:36
страны с более мягким законодательством.
00:04:38
Предположим, что регулирование налагает много времени
00:04:40
и дорогостоящий процесс одобрения для любого
00:04:42
новое применение генеративного ИИ.
00:04:45
Это может отпугнуть стартапы
00:04:46
и индивидуальных новаторов,
00:04:48
что благоприятствует крупным компаниям
00:04:50
обладающих значительными ресурсами.
00:04:51
Идеальный баланс между инновациями и
00:04:54
регулирование требует тесного сотрудничества
00:04:56
между политиками, исследователями,
00:04:58
деловые круги и гражданское общество.
00:05:01
Крайне важно иметь открытые и
00:05:03
инклюзивные дискуссии для понимания
00:05:05
последствия технологий и
00:05:07
создать регулирование, защищающее
00:05:09
общество при одновременном поощрении инноваций.
00:05:12
Некоторые страны начали
00:05:14
создать комитеты по этике искусственного интеллекта,
00:05:15
состоящий из экспертов из разных областей
00:05:17
для руководства разработкой законодательства.
00:05:20
Эти комитеты изучают этические,
00:05:22
социальные и экономические последствия
00:05:23
искусственного интеллекта и консультирование правительств по вопросам
00:05:26
как разработать технологию.
00:05:28
Генеративный искусственный интеллект, несмотря на его опасности,
00:05:30
предлагает беспрецедентные возможности.
00:05:32
Оно может улучшить жизнь, найти решения,
00:05:35
и обогатить нашу культуру.
00:05:37
Руководствуясь ответственностью,
00:05:38
этика и сотрудничество,
00:05:40
мы можем формировать будущее
00:05:42
генеративный искусственный интеллект на благо всех.
00:05:44
Столкнувшись с этими проблемами,
00:05:46
образование имеет первостепенное значение.
00:05:48
Тщательная подготовка позволяет понять
00:05:49
проблемы,
00:05:50
внедрение инструментов и постановка обоснованных вопросов.

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Mandarine AI: CE QUI POURRAIT VOUS INTÉRESSER

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