Societal Implications of Generative AI Tutorial

The video explores generative AI, first presenting innovative applications like Google's DeepDream. It quickly addresses darker subjects, focusing on the ethical challenges of deepfakes, particularly their implications in terms of misinformation and national security. It also highlights issues of bias in AI, showing how training data can influence outcomes. A key point is the erosion of the concept of truth, where generative AI can sow distrust in the media and exacerbate social polarization. The video also acknowledges the opportunities offered by AI, while highlighting the tension between innovation and the need for regulation. It concludes by emphasizing the importance of education in navigating this complex landscape.

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Objectifs :

This document aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the implications of generative AI, particularly focusing on deepfakes, their ethical concerns, societal impacts, and the need for balanced regulation. It emphasizes the importance of education in navigating these challenges.

Chapitres :

  1. Introduction to Generative AI
    Generative AI represents a significant technological advancement that is reshaping our perceptions and creative processes. From the visually stunning outputs of Mid Journey and Google's DeepDream to the intricate compositions of OpenAI's MuseNet, the boundaries of creativity are increasingly blurred. However, this technological magic also brings forth serious ethical dilemmas.
  2. The Challenge of Deepfakes
    Deepfakes are a prominent concern within the realm of generative AI. They can create convincing fake videos or audio recordings of public figures, leading to the spread of misinformation and manipulation of public opinion. The potential for deepfakes to impersonate national leaders or military officials poses risks of diplomatic crises and conflicts, as the public struggles to differentiate between reality and fabrication.
  3. Erosion of Trust in Media
    As deepfakes become more sophisticated, the public's ability to trust video and audio media diminishes. This erosion of trust can lead to a society where skepticism prevails, making it challenging to disseminate reliable information. Media organizations may need to implement new validation methods to ensure the authenticity of their content.
  4. Impact on Democracy
    Democracies depend on an informed electorate. The proliferation of deepfakes complicates this, as citizens may struggle to discern truth from falsehood. This could undermine electoral processes, with falsified videos used to discredit opponents and influence elections, ultimately leading to political instability and a decline in democratic values.
  5. Regulation vs. Innovation
    The rapid evolution of generative AI presents a challenge for regulation. Historically, technology has outpaced regulatory frameworks, as seen with the internet. Striking a balance between fostering innovation and implementing necessary regulations is crucial. Overly strict regulations could stifle innovation, while lenient regulations may fail to protect society from the misuse of technology.
  6. The Role of AI Ethics Committees
    Some countries are establishing AI ethics committees to guide legislation on generative AI. These committees, composed of experts from various fields, assess the ethical, social, and economic implications of AI technologies, advising governments on appropriate regulatory frameworks.
  7. Opportunities and the Importance of Education
    Despite the dangers associated with generative AI, it also offers unprecedented opportunities for improving lives and enriching culture. Education plays a vital role in equipping individuals with the knowledge to understand these issues, utilize tools responsibly, and ask informed questions. By fostering a culture of responsibility and collaboration, we can shape the future of generative AI for the benefit of all.

FAQ :

What are deepfakes and how are they created?

Deepfakes are synthetic media created using artificial intelligence techniques that manipulate images or audio to make it appear as if someone is saying or doing something they did not. They are typically generated using deep learning algorithms that analyze and replicate the features of the target individual.

What are the ethical concerns surrounding deepfakes?

Deepfakes raise significant ethical concerns, including the potential for misinformation, manipulation of public opinion, and the erosion of trust in media. They can be used to create false narratives, impersonate individuals, and undermine democratic processes.

How can deepfakes affect democracy?

Deepfakes can compromise democracy by spreading false information during electoral campaigns, leading to misinformation about candidates and issues. This can decrease trust in democratic institutions and influence the electoral process.

What role does bias play in AI technologies?

Bias in AI can lead to discriminatory outcomes, especially if the training data used to develop AI systems does not accurately represent the diversity of the population. This can result in systems that perform poorly for underrepresented groups.

What measures can be taken to regulate generative AI?

Regulating generative AI requires a balance between fostering innovation and protecting society. This can involve creating clear guidelines for ethical use, establishing AI ethics committees, and ensuring that regulations do not stifle research and development.

Quelques cas d'usages :

Media Verification

Media organizations can implement advanced verification tools to authenticate video and audio content, ensuring that deepfakes are identified and flagged before dissemination. This can help maintain public trust in media.

Political Campaign Monitoring

Political analysts can use AI tools to monitor and analyze the spread of deepfakes during election cycles, allowing for timely responses to misinformation and protecting the integrity of the electoral process.

Bias Mitigation in AI Development

AI developers can adopt practices to ensure diverse representation in training datasets, reducing bias in AI systems. This can improve the accuracy and fairness of applications like voice recognition and facial recognition.

Public Awareness Campaigns

Organizations can launch educational campaigns to inform the public about the existence and implications of deepfakes, helping individuals develop critical thinking skills to discern real from fake content.

AI Ethics Consultation

Businesses can establish AI ethics committees to guide the development and deployment of AI technologies, ensuring that ethical considerations are integrated into their practices and that they comply with emerging regulations.

Glossaire :

Generative AI

A type of artificial intelligence that can create new content, such as images, music, or text, by learning from existing data.

Deepfakes

Synthetic media in which a person in an existing image or video is replaced with someone else's likeness, often used to create misleading or false content.

Bias in AI

The presence of systematic and unfair discrimination in AI systems, often resulting from biased training data that does not accurately represent the diversity of the real world.

Echo chambers

Situations in which beliefs are reinforced by repeated exposure to the same viewpoints, leading to a lack of diversity in thought and increased polarization.

AI ethics committees

Groups of experts that advise governments on the ethical, social, and economic implications of artificial intelligence, helping to shape legislation.

Misinformation

False or misleading information that is spread regardless of intent to deceive, often exacerbated by technologies like deepfakes.

Legislation

Laws and regulations enacted by a governing body to control or guide behavior, particularly in relation to emerging technologies.

résultat(s)
00:00:03
Generative AI is at the heart of
00:00:05
the new technological frontier,
00:00:07
transforming our ways of seeing and creating.
00:00:10
From the hallucinatory visual art
00:00:12
of Mid Journey, Google's Deepdream,
00:00:14
to the sophisticated melodies
00:00:15
of Open a Is Muse Net,
00:00:17
creative boundaries seem to be fading.
00:00:19
However, with magic comes malice.
00:00:22
Deepfakes blur the lines between real
00:00:25
and fake, posing huge ethical problems.
00:00:27
Deep fakes can be used to create fake
00:00:30
videos or audios that feature public
00:00:33
figures or politicians saying or
00:00:35
doing things they never said or did.
00:00:37
This can be used to spread false
00:00:40
information or propaganda,
00:00:41
manipulating public opinion.
00:00:42
Deep fakes could be used to impersonate
00:00:46
national leaders or military officers,
00:00:48
creating videos that could trigger
00:00:51
diplomatic crises or even conflicts.
00:00:53
As deep fakes become more and
00:00:55
more convincing,
00:00:56
it becomes difficult for the public
00:00:58
to discern the real from the fake.
00:01:00
This could lead to a general erosion
00:01:02
of trust in video and audio media
00:01:04
where everything can be questioned.
00:01:06
Artificial intelligence,
00:01:07
including generative technologies
00:01:09
like deepfakes,
00:01:10
relies on data to learn and generalize.
00:01:13
These data come from the real world,
00:01:15
and just as our world has
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inequalities and stereotypes,
00:01:18
these inequalities can
00:01:19
be reflected in the data.
00:01:21
When an AI is trained on biased data,
00:01:24
it can incorporate and
00:01:26
perpetuate these biases.
00:01:27
Thus, if deep fakes are used to,
00:01:29
say,
00:01:29
generate voice or face samples
00:01:31
that do not fairly represent
00:01:32
the diversity of the real world,
00:01:35
then the AI learning from these
00:01:37
samples will itself be biased,
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leading to discriminatory systems.
00:01:41
For example,
00:01:42
an AI system for voice recognition
00:01:44
that is trained primarily on male
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voices might struggle to recognize
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and correctly understand female
00:01:50
voices or other voices that do not
00:01:52
match the model it was trained on.
00:01:54
With the spread of deepfakes,
00:01:56
objective reality could be undermined.
00:01:58
If everything can be falsified,
00:02:00
the very concept of truth could be eroded,
00:02:03
with profound consequences for society.
00:02:05
As deepfakes become more sophisticated
00:02:08
and indistinguishable from reality,
00:02:10
the public could begin to
00:02:12
systematically doubt the veracity
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of any video or audio content,
00:02:15
whether it's news, documentaries,
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or interviews.
00:02:18
This could lead to a society where people
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no longer believe what they see or hear,
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making the dissemination of reliable
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information extremely difficult.
00:02:27
Media organizations might need to
00:02:29
adopt new methods of validation
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and certification to prove the
00:02:32
authenticity of their content.
00:02:34
In a world where objective truth
00:02:36
is questioned,
00:02:36
individuals might turn more towards
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information sources that confirm
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their pre-existing beliefs,
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reinforcing echo chambers and polarization.
00:02:45
Deep fakes could be used to support
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conspiracy theories and given that
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these videos would be difficult to refute,
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these theories could gain in
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popularity and influence.
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This could lead to increased
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fragmentation of society,
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with groups becoming more isolated
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and disagreeing on fundamental facts.
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Democracies rely on
00:03:05
an informed electorate
00:03:06
to function effectively.
00:03:08
If citizens cannot discern the
00:03:09
true from the false due to the
00:03:11
proliferation of deep fakes,
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this could compromise the democratic process.
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Electoral campaigns could be
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marked by falsified videos
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intended to discredit opponents,
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and elections could be influenced
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by misleading information.
00:03:25
Trust in democratic institutions
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could decrease,
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leading to political instability and
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a weakening of democratic values.
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How to legislate this
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rapidly evolving technology?
00:03:38
The debate between innovation
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and regulation is more intense
00:03:41
than ever. Historically,
00:03:43
technology has often evolved faster
00:03:45
than societies ability to regulate it.
00:03:47
For example, when the Internet
00:03:48
began to become popular, it took years
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before laws on privacy, copyright,
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or cybersecurity were established. With
00:03:55
generative AI, the challenge is even greater
00:03:58
because the technology has the potential
00:04:00
to transform many aspects of our lives,
00:04:02
from media to politics to the economy.
00:04:05
The initial problems posed by the
00:04:07
emergence of deepfakes were mainly
00:04:09
ethical or related to misinformation.
00:04:11
However, initially there was no clear
00:04:13
regulation to penalize or frame the creation
00:04:16
and dissemination of malicious deepfakes.
00:04:19
Strict regulation can hinder innovation.
00:04:21
If severe restrictions are imposed on
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research and development in generative AI,
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this could prevent potentially
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beneficial discoveries for society.
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On the other hand,
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overly strict regulation can push
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innovators to relocate their research to
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countries with more lenient legislation.
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Suppose regulation imposes a long
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and costly approval process for any
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new application of generative AI.
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This could discourage start-ups
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and individual innovators,
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thus favoring large companies
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with significant resources.
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The ideal balance between innovation and
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regulation requires close collaboration
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between policy makers, researchers,
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businesses, and civil society.
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It is essential to have open and
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inclusive discussions to understand
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the implications of technology and
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create regulation that protects
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society while fostering innovation.
00:05:12
Some countries have begun to
00:05:14
establish AI ethics committees,
00:05:15
composed of experts from various fields
00:05:17
to guide the creation of legislation.
00:05:20
These committees examine the ethical,
00:05:22
social and economic implications
00:05:23
of AI and advise governments on
00:05:26
how to frame the technology.
00:05:28
Generative AI, despite its dangers,
00:05:30
offers unprecedented opportunities.
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It can improve lives, create solutions,
00:05:35
and enrich our culture.
00:05:37
Guided by responsibility,
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ethics and collaboration,
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we can shape the future of
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generative AI for the good of all.
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Faced with these challenges,
00:05:46
education is paramount.
00:05:48
Solid training allows understanding
00:05:49
the issues,
00:05:50
adopting tools and asking informed questions.

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résultat(s)
00:00:03
A IA generativa está no centro da
00:00:05
a nova fronteira tecnológica,
00:00:07
transformando as nossas formas de ver e criar.
00:00:10
Da arte visual alucinatória
00:00:12
de Mid Journey, Deepdream do Google,
00:00:14
às melodias sofisticadas
00:00:15
de Open a Is Muse Net,
00:00:17
As fronteiras criativas parecem estar a desvanecer-se.
00:00:19
No entanto, com a magia vem a malícia.
00:00:22
Deepfakes borram as linhas entre o real
00:00:25
e falsa, colocando enormes problemas éticos.
00:00:27
Deep fakes podem ser usados para criar falsificações
00:00:30
Vídeos ou áudios que apresentam público
00:00:33
figuras ou políticos dizendo ou
00:00:35
fazendo coisas que nunca disseram ou fizeram.
00:00:37
Isso pode ser usado para espalhar falso
00:00:40
informação ou propaganda,
00:00:41
manipulação da opinião pública.
00:00:42
Deep fakes podem ser usados para se passar por
00:00:46
dirigentes nacionais ou oficiais militares,
00:00:48
criação de vídeos que podem ser acionados
00:00:51
crises diplomáticas ou mesmo conflitos.
00:00:53
À medida que as deep fakes se tornam mais e
00:00:55
mais convincente,
00:00:56
torna-se difícil para o público
00:00:58
discernir o real do falso.
00:01:00
Isto poderia levar a uma erosão geral
00:01:02
de confiança nos meios de vídeo e áudio
00:01:04
onde tudo pode ser questionado.
00:01:06
Inteligência artificial,
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incluindo tecnologias generativas
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como deepfakes,
00:01:10
depende de dados para aprender e generalizar.
00:01:13
Estes dados vêm do mundo real,
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e tal como o nosso mundo tem
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desigualdades e estereótipos,
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estas desigualdades podem
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refletir-se nos dados.
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Quando uma IA é treinada em dados tendenciosos,
00:01:24
pode incorporar e
00:01:26
perpetuar esses preconceitos.
00:01:27
Assim, se as deep fakes estiverem acostumadas,
00:01:29
diga,
00:01:29
gerar amostras de voz ou rosto
00:01:31
que não representam de forma justa
00:01:32
a diversidade do mundo real,
00:01:35
em seguida, a IA aprendendo com estes
00:01:37
as amostras serão, elas próprias, tendenciosas,
00:01:39
conduzindo a sistemas discriminatórios.
00:01:41
Por exemplo
00:01:42
um sistema de IA para reconhecimento de voz
00:01:44
que é treinado principalmente em homens
00:01:46
as vozes podem ter dificuldade em reconhecer
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e compreender corretamente o sexo feminino
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vozes ou outras vozes que não o fazem
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corresponder ao modelo em que foi treinado.
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Com a disseminação de deepfakes,
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a realidade objetiva poderia ser posta em causa.
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Se tudo puder ser falsificado,
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o próprio conceito de verdade poderia ser corroído,
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com profundas consequências para a sociedade.
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À medida que as deepfakes se tornam mais sofisticadas
00:02:08
e indistinguível da realidade,
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o público poderia começar a
00:02:12
duvidar sistematicamente da veracidade
00:02:13
de qualquer conteúdo vídeo ou áudio,
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sejam notícias, documentários,
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ou entrevistas.
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Isto poderia conduzir a uma sociedade em que as pessoas
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já não acreditam no que vêem ou ouvem,
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tornar fiável a divulgação de
00:02:25
informação extremamente difícil.
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As organizações de mídia podem precisar
00:02:29
adotar novos métodos de validação
00:02:30
e certificação para comprovar o
00:02:32
autenticidade do seu conteúdo.
00:02:34
Num mundo onde a verdade objetiva
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é questionado,
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os indivíduos podem voltar-se mais para
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fontes de informação que confirmam
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as suas convicções pré-existentes,
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reforço das câmaras de eco e polarização.
00:02:45
Deep fakes podem ser usados para apoiar
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teorias da conspiração e dado que
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estes vídeos seriam difíceis de refutar,
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estas teorias poderiam ganhar em
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popularidade e influência.
00:02:55
Isto pode levar a um aumento do
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fragmentação da sociedade,
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com grupos cada vez mais isolados
00:03:01
e discordar de factos fundamentais.
00:03:04
As democracias dependem de:
00:03:05
um eleitorado informado
00:03:06
para funcionar eficazmente.
00:03:08
Se os cidadãos não conseguem discernir o
00:03:09
verdadeiro do falso devido ao
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proliferação de deep fakes,
00:03:12
Isto poderia comprometer o processo democrático.
00:03:15
Campanhas eleitorais podem ser
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marcado por vídeos falsificados
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destinados a desacreditar os opositores,
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e as eleições podem ser influenciadas
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por informações enganosas.
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Confiança nas instituições democráticas
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podem diminuir,
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conduzindo à instabilidade política e
00:03:30
um enfraquecimento dos valores democráticos.
00:03:34
Como legislar
00:03:36
tecnologia em rápida evolução?
00:03:38
O debate entre inovação
00:03:39
e a regulação é mais intensa
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do que nunca. Historicamente,
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A tecnologia evoluiu muitas vezes mais rapidamente
00:03:45
do que a capacidade das sociedades de regulá-lo.
00:03:47
Por exemplo, quando a Internet
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começou a tornar-se popular, demorou anos
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antes das leis sobre privacidade, direitos autorais,
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ou a cibersegurança. Com
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IA generativa, o desafio é ainda maior
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porque a tecnologia tem o potencial
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transformar muitos aspetos das nossas vidas,
00:04:02
dos meios de comunicação social à política, passando pela economia.
00:04:05
Os problemas iniciais colocados pelo
00:04:07
surgimento de deepfakes foram principalmente
00:04:09
ética ou relacionada à desinformação.
00:04:11
No entanto, inicialmente não havia
00:04:13
regulamento para penalizar ou enquadrar a criação
00:04:16
e disseminação de deepfakes maliciosos.
00:04:19
Uma regulamentação rigorosa pode entravar a inovação.
00:04:21
Se forem impostas restrições severas a
00:04:23
investigação e desenvolvimento em IA generativa,
00:04:26
Isto poderia evitar potencialmente
00:04:28
descobertas benéficas para a sociedade.
00:04:30
Por outro lado
00:04:31
uma regulamentação demasiado rigorosa pode empurrar
00:04:33
inovadores a deslocalizarem a sua investigação para
00:04:36
países com legislação mais branda.
00:04:38
Suponhamos que a regulamentação impõe uma longa
00:04:40
e dispendioso processo de aprovação para qualquer
00:04:42
nova aplicação da IA generativa.
00:04:45
Tal poderia desencorajar as empresas em fase de arranque
00:04:46
e inovadores individuais,
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favorecendo assim as grandes empresas
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com recursos significativos.
00:04:51
O equilíbrio ideal entre inovação e
00:04:54
A regulamentação exige uma estreita colaboração
00:04:56
entre decisores políticos, investigadores,
00:04:58
as empresas e a sociedade civil.
00:05:01
É essencial ter
00:05:03
discussões inclusivas para entender
00:05:05
as implicações da tecnologia e
00:05:07
criar regulamentação que proteja
00:05:09
ao mesmo tempo que fomenta a inovação.
00:05:12
Alguns países começaram a
00:05:14
criar comités de ética no domínio da IA,
00:05:15
composto por especialistas de várias áreas
00:05:17
orientar a criação de legislação.
00:05:20
Estes comités examinam as questões éticas,
00:05:22
implicações sociais e económicas
00:05:23
de IA e aconselhar os governos sobre
00:05:26
como enquadrar a tecnologia.
00:05:28
IA generativa, apesar dos seus perigos,
00:05:30
oferece oportunidades sem precedentes.
00:05:32
Pode melhorar vidas, criar soluções,
00:05:35
e enriquecer a nossa cultura.
00:05:37
Guiados pela responsabilidade,
00:05:38
ética e colaboração,
00:05:40
podemos moldar o futuro da
00:05:42
IA generativa para o bem de todos.
00:05:44
Face a estes desafios,
00:05:46
A educação é fundamental.
00:05:48
Uma formação sólida permite a compreensão
00:05:49
as questões,
00:05:50
adotar ferramentas e fazer perguntas informadas.

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